"Our squad underwent PCR tests on Wednesday as recommended by LaLiga, in addition to the first weekly antigen tests outlined in their protocol. The PCR test showed that Moussa Dembele is positive for COVID-19," Atletico said in a statement.
"The Frenchman is isolating at home, in compliance with the health authorities' guidelines and LaLiga protocols."
Dembele joined from Lyon last month on loan until the end of the season, with Atleti retaining an option to buy the former France Under-21 international for an initial fee of €33.5million.
He has been on the bench three times in LaLiga but is yet to make an appearance under coach Diego Simeone.