In sweltering heat at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend, Indiana, Bundesliga side Dortmund punished a rusty defensive display from the European champions, who were missing several star players.
Brazilian internationals Roberto Firmino and Alisson were both absent for the Reds following their Copa America campaign along with Mohamed Salah and Sadio Mane, both missing due to the African Cup of Nations.
Liverpool manager Jurgen Klopp opted for a youthful starting line-up against his former club before making 10 changes in the second half.
"It was a very difficult game for both teams," Klopp said afterwards. "I saw a lot of good things, and a lot of good individual performances, but obviously not enough. We're obviously not anywhere near where we want to be," he added, referring to the goals his team conceded".