The Northern Irish boss is the second Premier League manager to confirm he had suffered with Covid-19 after Arsenal's Mikel Arteta also tested positive in March.
"I could hardly walk and it reminded me of walking up Mount Kilimanjaro, as you climb higher you get more breathless," Rodgers told BBC Radio Leicester.
"Walking 10 yards felt very different. I went for a run, and I just couldn't do it. We had a week off when we were supposed to play Watford (on 14 March) and then the week after that, I started to struggle."
The 47-year-old former Liverpool and Celtic manager added his wife had contracted the virus as well.